A novel surgical membrane with integrated antimicrobial nanoparticles for bone regeneration — ASN Events
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  2. Symposium: Cutting edge tools to study bone
  3. A novel surgical membrane with integrated antimicrobial nanoparticles for bone regeneration

A novel surgical membrane with integrated antimicrobial nanoparticles for bone regeneration (#28)

Dawn E Coates 1 , Ghsaq Alhamdani 1 , Dina Abdelmoneim 1 , Kai Chun Li 1 , Natalie J Hughes 2 , Chen Chen 1 , Warwick J Duncan 1
  1. Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  2. Department of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Background/Aim

Membranes are important for guided bone regeneration, as they stop soft tissue ingress into a bone defect, allowing enhanced osteogenesis. Inhibiting pathological bacterial growth in the regenerated tissue is also crucial to maximise treatment outcomes. This study aimed to fabricate a polyvinyl alcohol/collagen membrane incorporating antimicrobial chitosan nanoparticles via electrospinning.

Methods

Mānuka oil (MO) and its purified antimicrobial β-triketone (TK) components were nanoencapsulated within chitosan particles using ionic gelation and characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence (FITC), oil encapsulation efficiency and release profile. Nanoparticles were incorporated in a tri-layered membrane fabricated by electrospinning. Physico-chemical properties of the membrane were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle and thermogravimetric analysis. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were tested in vitro. Regenerative properties were investigated in vivo with a cranial bone defect model in New Zealand white rabbits, assessed via micro-CT for new bone formation.

Results

DLS, SEM and FITC indicated successful production of MO- and TK-loaded nanospheres with an average size of <350 nm. Higher encapsulation efficiency of TK oil (60.2%) was detected compared to MO (38.7%), while similar release profiles were observed. Lower concentrations of TK-loaded nanospheres were required to obtain inhibitory and bactericidal effects. A tri-layered membrane with fibres measuring <200 nm was obtained via sequential electrospinning. FTIR confirmed successful nanosphere incorporation. The membrane hydrophilicity and thermal stability were comparable to commercial OsseoGuard®. The surgical membrane was antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with no cytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts. 3D measurement of newly formed bone volume based on micro-CT images indicated no significant difference from commercial OsseoGuard® membrane.

Conclusion

This study developed a novel biocompatible, antimicrobial surgical membrane for use in guided tissue/bone regeneration in periodontal or orthopaedic applications.